The opening season has arrived, and the children will return to campus. It should be noted that autumn is a season of high incidence of infectious diseases, and some children have poor resistance, making them particularly susceptible to illness at the beginning of school. What are the infectious diseases that are prone to high incidence during the beginning of the school season? How to prevent it?
Autumn diarrhea is often caused by rotavirus infection
Autumn diarrhea is highly contagious and is often caused by rotavirus infection. It is generally transmitted through the fecal oral route and can also be transmitted through the respiratory tract. The incubation period is 2 to 3 days, often accompanied by cold symptoms in the initial stage, and most children will also have fever, followed by vomiting and diarrhea symptoms. Autumn diarrhea generally lasts for 3 to 9 days, with the most severe symptoms in the first 3 days. Generally, it can self heal within 5 to 7 days after onset. However, if a child experiences obvious symptoms of diarrhea, it is recommended to seek medical attention immediately.
Tian Geng, Infectious Disease Branch of the Beijing Medical Association: We mainly adopt hand hygiene, and in addition, we need to thoroughly disinfect the environment contaminated by the virus in our diet, such as children's toys, door handles, etc. Another issue is that we currently do not have specific drugs for this virus, and in clinical practice, targeted treatment is mainly used. However, do not abuse antibiotics, as antibiotics mainly target bacterial infections. Another issue is that we vaccinate high-risk children or adolescents, as this disease is more common in children and less common in adults, making these adolescents on campus more susceptible to infection.
High incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease cannot be underestimated
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common infectious disease in children caused by various intestinal viruses, commonly found in preschool children. It is mainly transmitted through the digestive tract, respiratory tract and close contact. HFMD can occur all year round, with the highest incidence in summer and autumn.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is characterized by mouth pain, small blisters or ulcers in the hands, feet, and mouth, and can be accompanied by fever, with most symptoms not severe. This disease is often caused by intestinal viruses and is infectious, mainly transmitted through the digestive tract through fecal oral routes, as well as through respiratory and close contact. The disease usually recovers within a week without specific antiviral drugs. When children develop hand, foot, and mouth disease, they should be isolated at home and their living environment should be disinfected in a timely manner to avoid cross infection; Rinse your mouth with physiological saline or warm water before and after eating. It is recommended to use non irritating foods such as liquid and semi liquid foods; Maintain local skin cleanliness to avoid secondary skin infections caused by rash scratches; At the same time, it is necessary to observe the changes in the condition, and seek medical attention as soon as possible if symptoms such as seizures and drowsiness occur.
Tian Geng, Infectious Disease Branch of the Beijing Medical Association: Because hand, foot, and mouth disease is also caused by enteroviruses, but the enterovirus is Coxsackie virus with multiple serotypes, it does not mean that you have suffered from hand, foot, and mouth disease once, and you will never have it again in the future. So in this situation, we still need to advocate prevention because it is a digestive tract infectious disease. For children with low immunity, receiving relevant hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccines is also very helpful in preventing the development of severe cases.
Norovirus infection requires timely hydration
As the school season approaches, disease control departments in many places remind that acute infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus has entered its peak period of onset. What is the Norovirus? What should we do if we are infected with Norovirus? Come and hear what the experts say ↓
Norovirus is a virus widely present in nature. Moreover, it has the characteristic of universal susceptibility among the entire population, and people of all ages may be infected. The virus can easily cause multiple people to develop concentrated illnesses in childcare institutions, kindergartens, and other places in a short period of time. After Norovirus infection, mild symptoms are generally the main symptoms, with the most common symptoms being vomiting and diarrhea, followed by nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills, and muscle soreness. Among them, vomiting is mainly seen in children, and diarrhea is more common in adults. The onset of Norovirus infection is acute and belongs to a self-limited disease. Most patients do not need treatment after onset. They should promptly replenish the water consumed during vomiting and diarrhea, and rest for 2 to 3 days to recover. A few patients require timely medical treatment due to severe symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea.
Tian Geng, Infectious Diseases Branch of the Beijing Medical Association: Norovirus is also a digestive tract virus that is transmitted through the fecal oral route. The incubation period is generally 24 to 48 hours, and the clinical process is usually a self-limiting process of two to three days. That is to say, we need to treat symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, avoid dehydration, replenish water, and electrolytes. To prevent norovirus, one is to keep our hands clean, and the other is to promptly disinfect with chlorine containing disinfectants if there is vomit.
