Currently, as winter approaches in various regions, respiratory diseases have entered a high incidence period. Respiratory diseases refer to diseases caused by pathogens invading the human nasal cavity, throat, trachea, and bronchi through respiratory infections. They are mainly transmitted by patients or infected individuals through droplets, and different respiratory diseases have different clinical manifestations. What are the current popular respiratory diseases? What are the susceptible groups? How to prevent it? What should be paid attention to after infection? Let's take a look at the journalist's interview.
The monitoring shows that recently, influenza is the main respiratory infectious diseases, in addition to rhinovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, etc. Experts explain that acute respiratory diseases in China have been on the rise recently, which is related to the accumulation of multiple respiratory pathogens.
Wang Dayan, Director of the National Influenza Center at the Institute of Viral Diseases of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said, "This winter and next spring, China will still present a trend of alternating or co epidemic of various acute respiratory diseases. Although the peak of each disease may not occur simultaneously, the overlapping epidemic periods will increase the medical burden, and the outpatient, emergency, and hospitalization needs of vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly will greatly increase."
According to experts, the reason for the common prevalence of multiple respiratory pathogens this winter is not only due to climate factors, but also related to the cyclical changes in the intensity of different respiratory infectious diseases.
Wang Dayan: The winter and spring seasons are high incidence seasons for various acute respiratory diseases, such as influenza, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and respiratory syncytial virus. Multiple pathogen monitoring shows that the respiratory disease pathogens that are prevalent this winter are similar to previous years, and there are no new pathogens. Secondly, the epidemic intensity of different respiratory infectious diseases shows periodic changes. For example, currently, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has begun to decline, but influenza incidence is on the rise. In addition, after the normalization of the prevention and control of the COVID-19, the public's good health habits such as scientific wearing of masks and frequent hand washing have weakened, which is not conducive to the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. "
The results of multi source surveillance showed that the main pathogens of recent respiratory infectious diseases in different age groups were different. Influenza virus and rhinovirus are the main types of people aged 1-4 years, influenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus are the main types of people aged 5-14 years, influenza virus, rhinovirus and COVID-19 are the main types of people aged 15-59 years, and influenza virus, human metapneumovirus and common coronavirus are the main types of people aged 60 years and over.
Monitoring shows that the influenza outbreak this year has advanced compared to previous years, and both northern and southern provinces have entered the influenza epidemic period. Due to the susceptibility of influenza viruses to mutation, the population is generally susceptible. The clinical manifestations of influenza are generally sudden high fever, obvious systemic symptoms, mainly headache, limb soreness, and fatigue.
The progression of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is relatively slow, with fever and cough as the main clinical manifestations, and severe dry cough in the early stage. The typical symptoms of adenovirus respiratory infections are cough, nasal congestion, and pharyngitis, and some subtypes of adenovirus can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and so on. Mild and early symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus infection are similar to the common cold. In severe cases, difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, wheezing, restlessness, loss of appetite, etc. may occur. Rhinovirus is the main pathogen causing the common cold, and nearly half of acute respiratory infections are caused by rhinovirus infection.
