The National Health Commission held a press conference on the 8th to introduce the relevant situation of "seasonal solar terms and health". Chang Zhaorui, a researcher at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, stated at the meeting that autumn and winter are the peak seasons for respiratory infectious diseases. Patients and some asymptomatic carriers are the sources of respiratory infectious diseases, and the pathogens that cause respiratory infectious diseases include viruses, bacteria, chlamydia, and mycoplasma.
Viruses mainly include influenza virus, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. Bacteria include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis, as well as Group A β - hemolytic streptococcus that causes scarlet fever, Neisseria meningitidis that causes meningitis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae.
Chang Zhaorui stated that the pathogens that cause different respiratory infectious diseases are different, and the incubation period is also different. That is to say, the time interval between exposure to the pathogen and onset of the disease is also different. For example, the incubation period of influenza is generally 1 to 4 days, usually 2 days; Pertussis lasts for 7 to 10 days, and if the public wants to know the incubation period of specific pathogens in their daily lives, they can also consult relevant literature. Not all pathogens that come into contact with respiratory infectious diseases will develop symptoms, depending on the type of pathogen, the level of infectivity, as well as an individual's immune and health status, exposure level, and level of protection.
Chang Zhaorui pointed out that young children and the elderly are key populations for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. On the basis of maintaining good personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle, it is necessary to strengthen the following measures: firstly, for respiratory infectious diseases that can be prevented by vaccines, timely vaccination should be carried out according to the immunization program. Secondly, during the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases, it is recommended that the elderly and young children avoid going to enclosed and crowded places as much as possible. If it is necessary to go, they should wear masks scientifically to reduce the risk of infection. The third is to strengthen daily monitoring of the elderly and young children. If symptoms such as fever and cough occur, timely medical treatment should be sought according to the situation, and medication should be taken scientifically and safely according to medical advice. During the medical treatment process, patients and accompanying personnel should take protective measures to avoid cross infection. In addition, if there are respiratory infectious disease patients among family members, try to avoid close contact with other family members, especially the elderly and children, and also try to avoid contact with others.
