Clinical hazards of microparticles
The main clinical hazards caused by microparticles are as follows. First, allergic reactions. Drugs contain crystalline particles, polymers, degradants, and other foreign substances that react with tissue proteins at the injection site or vein to cause allergic reactions. Second, phlebitis. After the microparticles enter the human body, the inner wall of the blood vessel is stimulated and damaged by the blood circulation, so that the normal state of the blood vessel wall is changed, the platelet adhesion is caused, and the phlebitis is produced. Third, vascular embolization. Insoluble particles cause blockages in small blood vessels in the brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, eyes, etc., resulting in varying degrees of tissue necrosis and damage. Fourth, blocking microcirculation. Adult capillaries are 6 to 8 microns in diameter and infants only 3 microns. Diameters in the drug solution that are larger than the diameter of the capillaries can block capillaries and create microcirculation disturbances. Fifth, arteriosclerosis. Particles can cause arterial non-inflammatory lesions, making the arterial wall thicker, harder, loss of elasticity, and narrow lumens. Six, pyrogen reaction. The symptoms of chills, fever, etc. caused by infusion are called pyrogenic reactions. Seven, granuloma. When particles invade the capillaries of the lungs, brain, and kidneys, they can cause macrophage proliferation and granuloma formation. This can cause brain, lung, kidney, and eye parts to have insufficient blood supply and cause circulatory disturbances. Eight, pulmonary embolism. When the blood reaches the lungs through the circulation, the capillary bed of the lungs acts as a filter, leaving part of the particles to remain attached to the wall of the blood vessel, and easy to form pulmonary embolism and granuloma.
